There is no reason what you describe should give rise to consciousness rather than a biological artificial intelligence. The sense of self, the perspective that feels like me peering out through my eyes, is not explained by anything you said.
A copy of me does not equal me because we’d both have separate senses of self. Having copied memories does nothing to affect that.
Consciousness is not based on memory or else computers would be considered conscious.
And if according to what you’re saying, a clone with all of your memories would mean you have two points of view. I could take your clone into a different room and you’d be able to tell me what they see. But it obviously wouldn’t work like that because your own sense of self would still be locked in your head and the clone would get its own sense of self, albeit one with the same memories.
The general idea is a teleporter rips you apart and the atoms go to the destination to be reassembled in the previous state.
Whether or not it kills you is speculation. Arguably you’re pretty dead if you’re ripped apart atom by atom, and then a clone is assembled using the same parts.
But I don’t think it’s answerable if the recreated “you” is a clone or not until people can figure out what the mind even is.
I think animals should have more rights already. It’d be nice if they could talk or something to help people realize they’re actually living things worthy of empathy.
But to your point, cats and dogs are already among the better-treated animals in large parts of the world.
Compared to animals who get farmed (especially factory farmed), or get the death sentence label of a pest or invasive species.