Same problem. I have now 5 bikes:

• Old, but nice city road race bike (I needed a bike…)
• Nice road race bike (racing bikes are nice, let’s look at high-end ones, they are surely not that expensive…)
• Mountain bike (wait I cannot go to this close-by trail with my road bikes…)
• Touring bike (GF: let’s cycle to this remote place … )
• Triathlon bike ( here I got too ambitious… )
• NOW: I want a gravel bike, they are so nice, please send help ;)

I’d say https://keepassxc.org/ covers all of your needs except the “Can be accessed via a browser” (Autofill works fine with a browser plugin)

I am on android rn but at least in europe, apple is forced to allow 3rd party appstores soon which was the main dealbreaker for me. Their ui + cross device integration is very nice. Hopefully they are going to release a foldable soon! Handwriting apps are much more polished on iPads than on Android.